Dog Allergies: Types, Symptoms, and Treatments

Do you think your dog might have allergies?  How do you know if your pet is suffering from acute allergic reactions or from long-term seasonal allergies? Read up on the different types of allergies dogs can have and what to do in case you notice symptoms. You should also check out this video to learn the signs of an allergic reaction in dogs.

Can Dogs Get Allergies?  

Yes, there dogs can get allergies. Let’s review the types of allergens that dogs can encounter, the signs and symptoms of allergies to watch out for, and how our vets at VEG ER for Pets treat dogs with allergies. 

4 Types of Dog Allergies 

Below, we’ve gathered a list of the four most common types of allergies in dogs. Each of these allergies has its own causes and treatments, but understanding the categories can make a big difference in how well you recognize your dog’s allergic reaction.

1. Food Allergies in Dogs

This is usually apparent when they have a sick stomach (most commonly seen as vomiting and diarrhea) after eating certain types of food.

However, food allergies may also present as skin conditions or fur loss, so be on the lookout for skin and hair problems in your dog, like alopecia. A VEG vet can determine whether your dog has allergies or if the fur loss is due to another reason, like fleas, parasites, or environmental allergens, rather than a food allergy.

2. Skin Allergies

Skin allergies are often caused by exposure to flea/ticks, plants or yard treatment chemicals that cause your dog’s skin to become irritated.

Clinical signs seen most commonly with this are redness of skin itself, itchiness, or even the presentation of hives (small raised red bumps over the skin). There may be other causes such as a new detergent, but you’re likely to see the problem resolve itself quickly when you remove the irritant from your dog’s common areas.

Your dog and cat should also be on regular flea/tick preventative as well which you can get through your primary veterinarian.

3. Seasonal Allergies

Some dogs suffer allergic reactions from seasonal allergies, just like people do.

If you notice your dog getting sick (ear infections, licking or chewing at their feet, sneezing, etc.) around the same time every year or notice him sneezing more often when he’s been outside all day, there’s a chance he has seasonal allergies. It’s important to rule out other factors, however, as sneezing can also be caused by respiratory problems. 

4. Acute Allergies

Dogs who have sudden allergic reactions to irritants have acute allergies. These are most commonly caused by insect bites or stings, but they may have other causes as well. You will often see facial swelling, vomiting, or even more severe signs of trouble breathing and collapse if they undergo a true anaphylaxis reaction.

Acute allergies may need immediate vet treatment and will require you to keep an eye on your dog.

At VEG, your dog will get prompt attention and compassionate care from an ER-trained veterinarian staff.

Is Your Dog Having an Allergic Reaction? Here are Common Allergy Symptoms in Dogs

If you are ever in any doubt about the severity of your dog’s condition, contact your vet or go to an emergency vet immediately.

Here are some of the most common allergic reactions in dogs and what you should do if you notice them:

1. Skin Itchiness and Hives

Your dog may have a skin allergy or hives if you notice:

• Scratching a lot

• Hives (raised bumps on the skin) or redness on skin

• Chewing or biting themselves

Hives can form for a variety of different reasons, including if your dog has an insect bite, if they’re allergic to the shampoo you use for them, plants they may be around when they go outside, and many others. 

Hives should be taken seriously and should be treated as soon as possible so they don’t continue to spread and bother your dog.

Constant itchiness can also make your dog start to lose their fur, bleed, and develop red spots on parts of their skin. If your dog’s scratching is creating wounds, consider it an emergency and get to your nearest VEG, as bacteria can infect scratch marks on your dog’s skin. A VEG ER vet can provide prompt relief to itchy dog skin.

2. Diarrhea, Vomiting, and Upset Stomach

If your dog is having diarrhea or is vomiting, schedule a VEG vet visit as soon as possible so your dog can get the care he needs right away. Vomiting and diarrhea can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalances in your pet. These symptoms can also be a sign of an early anaphylactic reaction, which requires immediate medical attention for  your dog.

3. Dog has Itchy Ears

Itchy ears aren’t usually a sign of anything life-threatening, however, if your dog is increasingly uncomfortable and/or starts to have any trouble walking, or has a tilted head to one side, seek a VEG vet for treatment as soon as possible.

Scratching and shaking of the ears are often signs of an ear infection in your dog. Ear infections may be caused by allergies, especially in breeds that tend to have floppy ears like hound dogs or Cocker Spaniels. They also can come on commonly after a bath. These infections can be extremely uncomfortable for your dog, so taking them to get immediate care will help alleviate the pain and discomfort as soon as possible.

4. Sneezing and Runny Nose in Dogs

When sneezing and runny nose are accompanied by fever or by any other symptoms on this list, they require vet treatment right away.

They may be signs of seasonal allergies and could be very benign, but it’s important for your vet to check for the cause of your dog’s allergic reaction.

5. Dog has Runny Eyes or Ocular Discharge

Runny eyes need to be checked out by a vet even if you think they’re just an allergic reaction in dogs. Many upper respiratory infections in dogs present with runny eyes early on, and this can also be a symptom of damage to the eye itself (scratch or ulceration of the cornea). 

Allergies can also cause conjunctivitis in your dog, and signs of this include green or yellow discharge from either one or both eyes. Rule out these potential issues by taking your dog to a VEG vet to find out what’s causing his eyes to be runny.

6. Dog Licking Frequently or Skin Chewing

If your dog chews or licks his skin—especially his paws—frequently, this is a sign he’s dealing with some form of allergies. The problem could come from exposure to irritants in the backyard or on walks, but it may also be a symptom of food allergies in your dog. 

Dog rubbing their face against the wall or carpet? They may be getting creative on the way they scratch their itches! Although it may not be an emergency, monitor how often it’s happening. If you notice it multiple times a day, it’s likely allergies are the culprit, and you should seek immediate dog care at VEG. 

7. Dog with Swollen Face, Ears, or Eyelids

A dog with a swollen face, ears, or eyes is suffering from an acute allergy, most likely an allergic reaction to an insect bite or sting. This may also be a sign your dog has breathed in an allergen, such as a large amount of pollen.

If you see a swollen face or snout, this is a sign that your dog may be headed into anaphylactic shock. Although dogs with a swollen face don’t always suffer anaphylaxis, it is common. We recommend bringing your dog in to be seen by an emergency vet if there is any facial swelling so that it can be treated and prevented from getting worse, which could lead to other signs such as trouble breathing if there is enough swelling.

8. Bee Stings Can Cause Allergic Reactions in Dogs

Bees buzzing in your yard or on a walk with your dog? Beware. Bee stings can cause a range of reactions in dogs, from mild irritation to serious allergic responses, and can even be fatal.

How your pet reacts to a bee sting varies by each dog. When a dog is stung, the bee’s venom enters the dog’s skin and can cause swelling, redness, and pain at the site. While many dogs will only experience temporary discomfort, others may be more sensitive to the venom and show signs of an allergic reaction. Signs include excessive swelling, hives, vomiting, or difficulty breathing, requiring immediate veterinary attention.

In more severe cases, a dog could go into anaphylactic shock—a life-threatening allergic response that occurs quickly after the sting. This causes a sudden drop in blood pressure, collapse, or seizures. It’s imperative for dog owners to closely monitor their pet after a bee sting or if your dog ate a bee and seek veterinary care if symptoms worsen. 

Keep your dog away from flowering plants and hives during peak bee activity to help reduce the risk of bee stings. 

Dog allergies come with many signs and symptoms. VEG is open 24 hours a day, seven days a week to care for your dog's allergy symptoms.

Treating Dog Allergies

Before treating dog allergies, our expert dog vets at VEG will assess the cause (food, environmental, or bite-related) and may prescribe a medication or a combination of medications, home remedies, and lifestyle changes. Here’s an overview:

1. Medications for Dog Allergies

Antihistamines like diphenhydramine are used for mild allergies; dose must be appropriate for weight, so do not attempt this on your own. Some antihistamines like cetirizine or loratadine cannot be taken with decongestants. Your VEG vet is the best professional to ask about antihistamines to treat your dog’s allergy symptoms.

Steroids like prednisone or prednisolone are powerful anti-inflammatory drugs for moderate to severe allergies. Your VEG vet can prescribe steroids to be used in the short-term, as they can create side effects.

Lokivetmab is prescribed for dogs with allergies due to a skin condition such as dermatitis. Lokivetmab is an injectable that targets and neutralizes the itch, providing long-lasting relief. It’s also effective for environmental allergies.

Oral medications like oclacitinib may be used to control itch and inflammation. Oclacitinib works quickly and is typically well tolerated for long-term use.

Allergy shots (Immunotherapy) - If your dog was given an allergy test and diagnosed with environmental allergies like dust or pollen, talk to your vet about immunotherapy shots to relieve symptoms. Immunotherapy slowly introduces the allergen into a dog’s system to help desensitize your dog from the allergen. 

If your dog is scratching an itch due to allergies, there’s a chance they might break the skin, introducing bacteria into the wound. If allergies lead to secondary skin infection, antibiotics may be in order. An antifungal may be used if your dog has a yeast infection or other fungal infection from eczema or another skin condition causing the allergy.

2. Home Remedies and Lifestyle Management

Regular bathing with hypoallergenic or oatmeal-based shampoos can soothe skin and remove allergens.

Medicated shampoos (with chlorhexidine or miconazole) can help with infections. Check with your regular GP before use.

Coconut oil or fish oil supplements are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which can help reduce skin inflammation and improve the health of your dog’s coat.

Apple cider vinegar spray (diluted 50/50 with water) is now a staple in many households due to its versatility! Apple cider vinegar is used topically for your dog's yeast infections on skin or itchy paws. Avoid spraying it in open wounds.

Use pet-safe wipes after outdoor activities to remove pollen, mold, or dust from paws and fur.

Wash bedding and dog toys frequently to prevent build-up of allergens like dust mites or pollen.

An efficient air purifier with a HEPA filter helps reduce airborne allergens in the home.

If food allergies are suspected, try a diet change for your dog. An elimination diet or hypoallergenic prescription foods should be directed by your GP vet.  

Always consult with your primary care vet before trying any home remedy.

Contact a VEG Emergency Vet for Your Dog's Allergy Symptoms

The emergency veterinarians at VEG are ready help with an allergic reaction in your dog. If there’s ever a doubt on how you think you should proceed, it’s always best to call a VEG veterinarian right away so you can get your dog the relief he needs from his allergic reactions. 

There are expert and compassionate emergency vets at every one of our VEG locations, so you never have to wait until your next appointment to seek immediate veterinary advice and care.